From January 1>st, 1981 the quantity of currencies in the «currency basket» was decreased to five after what its content is subject to review every five years. However the countries of EES were not satisfied with the SDR system functioning and its close link with the US dollar.
From March 13>th, 1979 the European Monetary System began to function which consisted of 8 countries of the «Common Market» (Germany, France, Benelux, Italy, Ireland, Denmark). For the European Monetary System member countries a European Currency Unit ECU was introduced.
ECU is a paperless monetary unit in a type of account record in the member countries’ central banks. The value of ECU is determined on the basis of the average weighted exchange rate of these 12 governments. In order to determine a share ofthis or those currency in ECU the GNP (gross national products) of the member countries were matched.
A new stage of the West European integration development was the program of the currency and economic union creation which was established by Jacques Delors’s committee in April, 1989. Delors’s plan stipulated the creation of the Common Market, the EU competition motivation, the coordination of economy, budget and tax policies in order to control the inflation, to stabilize the prices and economy growth, the general government deficit minimisation and the cover methods improvement. On the basis of Delors’s plan to December, 1991 the Maastricht Treaty about the European Union was worked out which stipulated a stagewise formation of a currency economic union.
The first stage actually began in July, 1990 simultaniously with the total currency restrictions abolition regarding the capital flow to EU. The second started in January, 1994 with the beginning of the European Monetary Institute in Frankfurt on the Main consisting of the Central banks managing member countries. The purpose of the European Monetary Institute creation was the preparation for the European System of Central Banks organization and ECU banknote issue. The European Council laid on December, 1995 in Madrid confirmed the decision of the Common European Currency introduction from January, 1999 what became the third concluding stage.
The Council participants decided to refuse the name of «ECU» admitting EURO instead. As envisioned by the Council euro shouldn’t be a parallel national currency like it was ECU but it should become a single and common currency precisely for all the EU members which finally will replace marks, pounds and francs.
The technical transfer stipulated four stages. Till May, 1998 the European Union should decide what countries will constitute the monetary union. Australia, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Italy, Portugal and Spain were included into the first list. The Great Britain and the rest Scandinavian countries joint at the later stage. This group of the 11 above mentioned countries forms the market with the GDP of 6.5 billion USD and with the population more than 280 million people. For comparison: The US GDP is 6.955 billion USD with the population of 263 million people.
On the second stage which began on January 1>st, 1999 the fixed exchange rates were identified. The European Monetary Institute transformed into the European Central Bank. Beginning from the above date the monetary markets quote in euro which became the basic currency in the interbank payments. The correspondent banks chose their euro-clearing bank and set up the euro-accounts. The private individuals could hold euro for their bank accounts and make bank payments by means of this currency but still the banknotes and coins haven’t been issued for circulation.