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2. Вавилон в I тысячелетии до нашей эры – экономический рост в имперский период
Михаэль Юрса
Введение
Благодаря начавшимся в xix веке раскопкам в Ираке, Сирии и Иране явились миру остатки древних цивилизаций Ближнего Востока, процветавших в III, II и I тысячелетиях до н. э. Среди этих находок отдельно стоят письменные источники – свыше 250 000 глиняных табличек с клинописью. Если говорить о древнем мире, то этот корпус в количественном отношении уступает лишь источникам на греческом языке; сохранилось больше текстов на древних ближневосточных шумерском, ассирийском и вавилонском языках, чем на латыни (Streck 2011). Приблизительно 80 % древнего ближневосточного корпуса текстов имеет социально-экономическое содержание, будучи кладезем информации по экономической истории, простирающейся до периода, очень близкого к возникновению первых стратифицированных городских сообществ.