Tim Blanning, (New York: Penguin Books, 2008), 52.

Там же, 53. См. также: J. Neumann and S. Lindgrén, ‘Great Historical Events Tat Were Signifcantly Afected by the Weather: 4, The Great Famines in Finland and Estonia, 1695–1697’, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 60 (1979), 775–787; Andrew B. Appleby, ‘Epidemics and Famine in the Little Ice Age’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History 10:4 (1980): 643–663; Cormac Ó Gráda and Jean-Michel Chevet, ‘Famine and Market in Ancien Régime France’, Journal of Economic History 62:3 (2002), 706–773.

Nicole Darmon et al., ‘L’insécurité alimentaire pour raisons fnancières en France’, Observatoire National de la Pauvreté et de l’Exclusion Sociale, https://www.onpes.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Darmon.pdf, accessed 3 March 2015; Rapport Annuel 2013, Banques Alimetaires, http://en.calameo.com/read/001358178ec47d2018425,accessed4March2015.

Richard Dobbs et al., ‘How the World Could Better Fight Obesity’, McKinseys & Company, November, 2014, accessed 11 December 2014, http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/economic_studies/how_the_world_could_better_fght_obesity.

‘Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2013’, Lancet, 18 December 2014, accessed 18 December 2014, http://www.thelancet.com/themed/global-burden-of-disease; Stephen Adams, ‘Obesity Killing Tree Times As Many As Malnutrition’, Telegraph, 13 December 2012, accessed 18 December 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9742960/ Obesity-killing-three-times-as-many-as-malnutrition.html

Robert S. Lopez, The Birth of Europe [in Hebrew] (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1990), 427.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Yersinia_pestis.jpg

Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1972); William H. McNeill, Plagues and Peoples (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1977).

Hugh Tomas, Conquest: Cortes,Montezuma and the Fall of Old Mexico (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 443–446; Rodolfo Acuna-Soto et al., ‘Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico’, Historical Review 8:4 (2002), 360–362; Sherburne F. Cook and Lesley Byrd Simpson, The Population of Central Mexico in the Sixteenth Century (Berkeley: University of Califronia Press, 1948).

Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies [in Hebrew] (Tel Avia: Am Oved, 2002), 167.

Jefery K. Taubenberger and David M. Morens, ‘1918 Infuenza: The Mother of All Pandemics’, Emerging Infectious Diseases 12:1 (2006),15–22;

Niall P. A. S. Johnson and Juergen Mueller, ‘Updating the Accounts: Global Mortality of the 1918–1920 “Spanish” Infuenza Pandemic’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 76:1 (2002), 105–115; Stacey L. Knobler, Alison Mack, Adel Mahmoud et al., ed., The Treat of Pandemic Infuenza: Are We Ready? Workshop Summary (Washington DC: National Academies Press 2005), 57–110; David van Reybrouck, Congo: The Epic History of a People (New York: HarperCollins, 2014), 164; Siddharth Chandra, Goran Kuljanin and Jennifer Wray, ‘Mortality from the Infuenza Pandemic of 1918–1919: The Case of India’, Demography 49:3 (2012), 857–865; George C. Kohn, Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present, 3rd edn (New York: Facts on File, 2008), 363.

В 2005–2010 гг. уровень детской смертности в мире составил 4,6 %; при этом в Африке он достигал 7,9 %, а в Европе и Северной Америке – 0,7 %.См: ‘Infant Mortality Rate (Both Sexes Combined) by Major Area, Region and Country, 1950–2010 (Infant Deaths for 1000 Live Births), estimates’, World Population Prospects: the 2010 Revision, UN Department of Economic and Social Afairs, April 2011, accessed 26 May 2012, http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/mortality.htm. См. также: Alain Bideau, Bertrand Desjardins, and Hector Perez-Brignoli, ed., Infant and Child Mortality in the Past (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997); Edward Anthony Wrigley et al., English Population Historyfrom Family Reconstitution, 1580–1837 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 295–296, 303.

David A. Koplow, Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004); Abdel R. Omran, ‘The Epidemiological Transition: A Theory of Population Change’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 83:4 (2005), 731–757; Tomas McKeown, The Modern Rise of Populations (New York: Academic Press, 1976); Simon Szreter, Health and Wealth: Studies in History and Policy (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2005); Roderick Floud, Robert W. Fogel, Bernard Harris and Sok Chul Hong, The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition and Human Development in the Western World since 1700 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011); James C. Riley, Rising Life Expectancy: A Global History (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001).

‘Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003’, World Health Organization, 21 April 2004, accessed 6 February 2016, http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/

‘Experimental Terapies: Growing Interest in the Use of Whole Blood or Plasma from Recovered Ebola Patients’, World Health Organization, September 26, 2014, accessed 23 April 2015, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/26–september-2014/en/.

Hung Y. Fan, Ross F. Conner and Luis P. Villarreal, AIDS: Science and Society, 6th edn (Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2011).

Peter Piot and Tomas C. Quinn, ‘Response to the AIDS Pandemic – A Global Health Model’, TeNew England Journal of Medicine 368:23 (2013): 2210–2218.

В официальных документах в графе «Причина смерти» никогда не пишут «Преклонный возраст». Если ослабленный организм пожилой женщины не справится с инфекцией, причиной смерти будет объявлена инфекция. Именно поэтому статистика относит более 20 % ежегодных смертей на планете на счет инфекционных заболеваний. Впрочем, это достаточно скромная цифра, если вспомнить, какое огромное число детей и взрослых умирали от подобных заболеваний в прошлом.

David M. Livermore, ‘Bacterial Resistance: Origins, Epidemiology, and Impact’, Clinical Infectious Diseases 36:s1 (2005), s11–23; Richards G. Wax et al., ed., Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials, 2nd edn (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008); Maja Babic and Robert A. Bonomo, ‘Mutations as a Basis of Antimicrobial Resistance’, in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance, ed. Douglas Mayers, vol. 1 (New York: Humana Press, 2009), 65–74; Julian Davies and Dorothy Davies, ‘Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance’, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 74:3 (2010), 417–433; Richard J. Fair and Yitzhak Tor, ‘Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance in the 21st Century’, Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry 6 (2014), 25–64.

Alfonso J. Alanis, ‘Resistance to Antibiotics: Are We in the Post-Antibiotic Era?’, Archives of Medical Research 36:6 (2005), 697–705; Stephan Harbarth and Matthew H. Samore, ‘Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants and Future Control’, Emerging Infectious Diseases 11:6 (2005), 794–801; Hiroshi Yoneyama and Ryoichi Katsumata, ‘Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria and Its Future for Novel Antibiotic Development’, Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 70:5 (2006), 1060–1075; Cesar A. Arias and Barbara E. Murray, ‘Antibiotic-Resistant Bugs in the 21st Century – A Clinical Super-Challenge’, New England Journal of Medicine 360 (2009), 439–443; Brad Spellberg, John G. Bartlett and David N. Gilbert, ‘The Future of Antibiotics and Resistance’, New England Journal of Medicine 368 (2013), 299–302.

Losee L. Ling et al., ‘A New Antibiotic Kills Pathogens without Detectable Resistance’, Nature 517 (2015), 455–459; Gerard Wright, ‘Antibiotics: An Irresistible Newcomer’, Nature 517 (2015), 442–444.

Roey Tzezana, The Guide to the Future [in Hebrew] (Haifa: Roey Tzezana, 2013), 209–233.

Azar Gat, War in Human Civilization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 130–131; Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (New York: Viking, 2011); Joshua S. Goldstein, Winning the War on War: The Decline of Armed Confict Worldwide (New York: Dutton, 2011); Robert S. Walker and Drew H. Bailey, ‘Body Counts in Lowland South American Violence’, Evolution and Human Behavior 34:1 (2013), 29–34; I. J. N. Torpe, ‘Anthropology, Archaeology, and the Origin of Warfare’, World Archaology 35:1 (2003), 145–165; Raymond C. Kelly, Warless Societies and the Origin of War (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000); Lawrence H. Keeley, War before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996); Slavomil Vencl, ‘Stone Age Warfare’, in Ancient Warfare: Archaeological Perspectives, ed. John Carman and Anthony Harding (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1999), 57–73.

‘Global Health Observatory Data Repository, 2012’, World Health Organization, accessed 16 August 2015, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/nodemain.RCODWORLD?lang=en; ‘Global Study on Homicide, 2013’, UNDOC, accessed 16 August 2015, http://www.unodc.org/documents/gsh/pdfs/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf; http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html.

Van Reybrouck, Congo, 456–457.

Подробнее о смертельно опасном ожирении см.: ‘Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2013’, Lancet, 18 December 2014, accessed 18 December 2014, http://www.thelancet.com/themed/global-burden-of-disease; Stephen Adams, ‘Obesity Killing Tree Times As Many As Malnutrition’, Telegraph, 13 December 2012, accessed 18 December 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9742960/Obesity-killing-three-times-as-many-as-malnutrition.html. Deaths from terrorism: Global Terrorism Database, http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/,accessed16January2016.

Arion McNicoll, ‘How Google’s Calico Aims to Fight Aging and “Solve Death”’, CNN, 3 October 2013, accessed 19 December 2014, http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/03/tech/innovation/google-calico-aging-death/.

Katrina Brooker, ‘Google Ventures and the Search for Immortality’, Bloomberg, 9 March 2015, accessed 15 April 2015, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/201503–09/google-ventures-bill-maris-investing-in-idea-of-living-to-500.

Mick Brown, ‘Peter Thiel: The Billionaire Tech Entrepreneur on a Mission to Cheat Death’, Telegraph, 19 September 2014, accessed 19 December 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/11098971/Peter-Tiel-the-billionaire-tech-entrepreneur-on-a-mission-to-cheat-death.html.

Kim Hill et al., ‘Mortality Rates among Wild Chimpanzees’, Journal of Human Evolution 40:5 (2001): 437–450; James G. Herndon, ‘Brain Weight Throughout the Life Span of the Chimpanzee’, Journal of Comparative Neurology 409 (1999): 567–572.

Сооснователи корпорации Google.

Beatrice Scheubel, Bismarck’s Institutions: A Historical Perspective on the Social Security Hypothesis (Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2013); E. P. Hannock, The Origin of the Welfare State in England and Germany, 1850–1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).

‘Mental Health: Age Standardized Suicide Rates (per 100 000 Population), 2012’, World Health Organization, accessed 28 December 2014, http://gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/mental_health/suicide_rates/atlas.html.

Ian Morris, Why the West Rules – For Now (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 2010), 626–629.

David G. Myers, ‘The Funds, Friends, and Faith of Happy People’, American Psychologist 55:1 (2000), 61; Ronald Inglehart et al., ‘Development, Freedom, and Rising Happiness: A Global Perspective (1981–2007)’, Perspectives on Psychological Science 3:4 (2008), 264–285. See also Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, ‘If We Are So Rich, Why Aren’t We Happy?’, American Psychologist 54:10 (1999), 821–827; Gregg Easterbrook, The Progress Paradox:

How Life Gets Better While People Feel Worse (New York: Random House, 2003).

Kenji Suzuki, ‘Are They Frigid to the Economic Development? Reconsideration of the Economic Efect on Subjective Well-being in Japan’, Social Indicators Research 92:1 (2009), 81–89; Richard A. Easterlin, ‘Will Raising the Incomes of all Increase the Happiness of All?’, Journal of Economic Bheavior and Organization 27:1 (1995), 35–47; Richard A. Easterlin, ‘Diminishing Marginal Utility of Income? Caveat Emptor’, Social Indicators Research 70:3 (2005), 243–255.

Linda C. Raeder, John Stuart Mill and the Religion of Humanity (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2002).

Oliver Turnbull and Mark Solms, The Brain and the Inner World [in Hebrew] (Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2005), 92–96; Kent C. Berridge and Morten L. Kringelbach, ‘Afective Neuroscience of Pleasure: Reward in Humans and Animals’, Psychopharmacology 199 (2008), 457–480; Morten L. Kringelbach, The Pleasure Center: Trust Your Animal Instincts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).

M. Csikszentmihalyi, Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life (New York: Basic Books, 1997).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html, accessed 4 January 2016; Sarah Harris, ‘Number of Children Given Drugs for ADHD Up Ninefold with Patients As Young As Three Being Prescribed Ritalin’, Daily Mail, 28 June 2013, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2351427/Number-children-given-drugs-ADHD-ninefold-patients-young-THREE-prescribed-Ritalin.html, accessed 4 January 2016; International Narcotics Control Board (UN), Psychotropics Substances, Statistics for 2013, Assessments of Annual Medical and Scientifc Requirements 2014, 39–40.

Убедительных доказательств того, что учащиеся злоупотребляют подобными препаратами, на данный момент не существует, однако проведенное в 2013 г. исследование показало: от 5 до 15 % студентов американских колледжей по меньшей мере раз в жизни принимали не прописанные врачом стимуляторы. См.: C. Ian Ragan, Imre Bard and Ilina Singh, ‘What Should We Do about Student Use of Cognitive Enhancers? An Analysis of Current Evidence’, Neuropharmacology 64 (2013), 589.

Bradley J. Partridge, ‘Smart Drugs “A s Common as Cofee”: Media Hype about Neuroenhancement’, PLoS One 6:11 (2011), e28416.

Office of the Chief of Public Affairs Press Release, ‘Army, Health Promotion Risk Reduction Suicide PreventionReport, 2010’, accessed 23 December 2014, http://csf2.army.mil/downloads/HP-RR-SPReport2010.pdf; Mark Thompson, ‘America’s Medicated Army’, Time, 5 June 2008, accessed 19 December 2014, http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1812055,00.html; Ofce of the Surgeon Multi-National Force-Iraq and Ofce of the Command Surgeon, ‘Mental Health Advisory Team (MHAT) V Operation Iraqi Freedom 06–08: Iraq Operation Enduring Freedom 8: Afghanistan’, 14 February 2008, accessed 23 December 2014, http://www.careforthetroops.org/reports/Report-MHATV-4–FEB-2008Overview.pdf.

Tina L. Dorsey, ‘Drugs and Crime Facts’, US Department of Justice, accessed 20 February 2015, http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/dcf.pdf; H. C. West, W. J. Sabol and S. J. Greenman, ‘Prisoners in 2009’, US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin (December 2010), 1–38; ‘Drugs And Crime Facts: Drug use and Crime’, US Department of Justice, accessed 19 December 2014, http://www.bjs.gov/content/dcf/duc.cfm; ‘Ofender Management Statistics Bulletin, July to September 2014’, UK Ministry of Justice, 29 January 2015, accessed 20 February 2015, https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/ofender-management-statistics-quarterly-july-to-september-2014.; Mirian Lights et al., ‘Gender Diferences in Substance Misuse and Mental Health amongst Prisoners’, UK Ministry of Justice, 2013, accessed 20 February 2015, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/fle/220060/gender-substance-misuse-mental-health-prisoners.pdf; Jason Payne and Antonette Gafney, ‘How Much Crime is Drug or Alcohol Related? Self-Reported Attributions of Police Detainees’, Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice 439 (2012), http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi439.pdf, accessed 11 March 2015; Philippe Robert, ‘The French Criminal Justice System’, in Punishment in Europe: A Critical Anatomy of Penal Systems, ed. Vincenzo Ruggiero and Mick Ryan (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 116.

Betsy Isaacson, ‘Mind Control: How EEG Devices Will Read Your Brain Waves And Change Your World’, Hufngton Post, 20 November 2014, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.hufngtonpost.com/2012/11/20/mind-control-how-eeg-devices-read-brainwaves_n_2001431.html; ‘EPOC Headset’, Emotiv, http://emotiv.com/store/epoc-detail/; ‘Biosensor Innovation to Power Breakthrough Wearable Technologies Today and Tomorrow’, NeuroSky, http://neurosky.com/.

Samantha Payne, ‘Stockholm: Members of Epicenter Workspace Are Using Microchip Implants to Open Doors’, International Business Times, 31 January 2015, accessed 9 August 2015, http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/stockholm-ofce-workers-epicenter-implanted-microchips-pay-their-lunch-1486045.

Дейта, Кирк – персонажи научно-фантастического телесериала «Звездный путь». – Здесь и далее, за исключением особо оговоренных случаев, прим. перев.

NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) – американская биржа, специализирующаяся на акциях высокотехнологичных компаний (производство электроники, программного обеспечения и т. п.).

Meika Loe, The Rise of Viagra: How the Little Blue Pill Changed Sex in America (New York: New York University Press, 2004).

Brian Morgan, ‘Saints and Sinners: Sir Harold Gillies’, Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 95:6 (2013), 204–205; Donald W. Buck II, ‘A Link to Gillies: One Surgeon’s Quest to Uncover His Surgical Roots’, Annals of Plastic Surgery 68:1 (2012), 1–4.

Paolo Santoni-Rugio, A History of Plastic Surgery (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007); P. Niclas Broer, Steven M. Levine and Sabrina Juran, ‘Plastic Surgery: Quo Vadis? Current Trends and Future Projections of Aesthetic Plastic Surgical Procedures in the United States’, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 133:3 (2014): 293e–302e.

Евгеника (от др.-греч. εὐγενής – «хорошего рода, благородный») – учение о селекции применительно к человеку, а также о путях улучшения его наследственных свойств.

В пробирке (лат.).

Holly Firfer, ‘How Far Will Couples Go to Conceive?’, CNN, 17 June 2004, accessed 3 May 2015, http://edition.cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/03/12/infertility.treatment/index.html?iref=allsearch.

Rowena Mason and Hannah Devlin, ‘MPs Vote in Favour of “Three-Person Embryo” Law’, Guardian, 3 February 2015, accessed 3 May 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/feb/03/mps-vote-favour-three-person-embryo-law.

Этот слоган предвыборной кампании Билла Клинтона был придуман его политическим советником Джеймсом Карвиллом.

Новое время (или Новая история) – условное историческое понятие, обозначающее период истории человечества, следующий за Средневековьем.

Lionel S. Smith and Mark D. E. Fellowes, ‘Towards a Lawn without Grass: The Journey of the Imperfect Lawn and Its Analogues’, Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscape 33:3 (2013), 158–159; John Dixon Hunt and Peter Willis, ed., The Genius of the Place: The English Landscape Garden 1620–1820, 5th edn (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000), 1–45; Anne Helmriech, The English Garden and National Identity: The Competing Styles of Garden Design 1870–1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 1–6.

Фавелы – трущобы в городах Бразилии, часто расположенные на склонах гор.

Robert J. Lake, ‘Social Class, Etiquette and Behavioral Restraint in British Lawn Tennis’, International Journal of the History of Sport 28:6 (2011), 876–894; Beatriz Colomina, ‘The Lawn at War: 1941–1961’, in The American Lawn, ed. Georges Teyssot (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999), 135–153; Virginia Scott Jenkins, The Lawn: History of an American Obsession (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1994).

‘Canis lupus’, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/3746/1; ‘Fact Sheet: Gray Wolf’, Defenders of Wildlife, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.defenders.org/gray-wolf/basic-facts; ‘Companion Animals’, IFAH, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.ifaheurope.org/companion-animals/about-pets.html; ‘Global Review 2013’, World Animal Protection, accessed 20 December 2014, https://www.worldanimalprotection.us.org/sites/default/fles/us_fles/global_review_2013_0.pdf.

Anthony D. Barnosky, ‘Megafauna Biomass Tradeof as a Driver of Quaternary and Future Extinctions’, PNAS 105:1 (2008), 11543–11548; for wolves and lions: William J. Ripple et al., ‘Status and Ecological Efects of the World’s Largest Carnivores’, Science 343:6167 (2014), 151; если верить доктору Стэнли Корену, сегодня на планете живет около 500 млн собак. См.: Stanley Coren, ‘How Many Dogs Are There in the World’, Psychology Today, 19 September 2012, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/canine-corner/201209/how-many-dogs-are-there-in-the-world; о мировой популяции кошек см.: Nicholas Wade, ‘DNA Traces 5 Matriarchs of 600 Million Domestic Cats’, New York Times, 29 June 2007, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/health/29iht-cats.1.6406020.html; подробнее об африканских буйволах см.: ‘Syncerus cafer’, IUCN Red List of Treatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21251/0; подробнее о популяции крупного рогатого скота см.: David Cottle and Lewis Kahn, ed., Beef Cattle Production and Trade (Collingwood: Csiro, 2014), 66; подробнее о домашних курах см.: ‘Live Animals’, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Statistical Division, accessed December 20, 2014, http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QA/E; подробнее о популяции шимпанзе см.: ‘Pan troglodytes’, IUCN Red List of Treatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15933/0.

‘Living Planet Report 2014’, WWF Global, accessed 20 December 2014, http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/all_publications/ living_planet_report/.

Richard Inger et al., ‘Common European Birds are Declining Rapidly While Less Abundant Species’ Numbers Are Rising’, Ecology Letters 18:1 (2014), 28–36; ‘Live Animals’, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, accessed 20 December 2014,http://faostat.fao.org/site/573/default.aspx#ancor.

Simon L. Lewis and Mark A. Maslin, ‘Defining the Anthropocene’, Nature 519 (2015), 171–180.

Timothy F. Flannery, The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and Peoples (Port Melbourne: Reed Books Australia, 1994); Anthony D. Barnosky et al., ‘Assessing the Causes of Late Pleistocene Extinctions on the Continents’, Science 306:5693 (2004), 70–75; Bary W. Brook and David M. J. S. Bowman, ‘The Uncertain Blitzkrieg of Pleistocene Megafauna’, Journal of Biogeography 31:4 (2004), 517–523; Giford H. Miller et al., ‘Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Megafaunal Extinction’, Science 309:5732 (2005), 287–290; Richard G. Roberts et al., ‘New Ages for the Last Australian Megafauna: Continent Wide Extinction about 46 000 Years Ago’, Science 292:5523 (2001), 1888–1892; Stephen Wroe and Judith Field, ‘A Review of Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Explanation’, Quaternary Science Reviews 25:21–2 (2006), 2692–2703; Barry W. Brooks et al., ‘Would the Australian Megafauna Have Become Extinct If Humans Had Never Colonised the Continent? Comments on “A Review of the Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Explanation” by S. Wroe and J. Field’, Quaternary Science Reviews 26:3–4 (2007), 560–564; Chris S. M. Turney et al., ‘Late-Surviving Megafauna in Tasmania, Australia, Implicate Human Involvement in their Extinction’, PNAS 105:34 (2008), 12150–12153; John Alroy, ‘A Multispecies Overkill Simulation of the End-Pleistocene Megafaunal Mass Extinction’, Science 292:5523 (2001), 1893–1896; J. F. O’Connel and J. Allen, ‘Pre-LGM Sahul (Australia-New Guinea) and the Archaeology of Early Modern Humans’, in Rethinking the Human Evolution: New Behavioral and Biological Perspectives on the Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans, ed. Paul Mellars (Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2007), 400–401.

Graham Harvey, Animism: Respecting the Living World (Kent Town: Wakefeld Press, 2005); Rane Willerslev, Soul Hunters: Hunting, Animism and Personhood Among the Siberian Yukaghirs (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007); Elina Helander-Renvall, ‘Animism, Personhood and the Nature of Reality: Sami Perspectives’, Polar Record 46:1 (2010), 44– 56; Istvan Praet, ‘Animal Conceptions in Animism and Conservation’, in Routledge Handbook of Human-Animal Studies, ed. Susan McHaugh and Garry Marvin (New York: Routledge, 2014), 154–167; Nurit Bird-David, ‘Animism Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology’, Current Anthropology 40 (1999): s67–91; N. Bird-David, ‘Animistic Epistemology: Why Some Hunter-Gatherers Do Not Depict Animals’, Ethnos 71:1 (2006): 33–50.

Быт., 3: 19.

Howard N. Wallace, ‘The Eden Narrative’, Harvard Semitic Monographs 32 (1985), 147–181.

David Adams Leeming and Margaret Adams Leeming, Encyclopedia of Creation Myths (Santa Barbara: ABC–CLIO, 1994), 18; Sam D. Gill, Storytracking: Texts, Stories, and Histories in Central Australia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998); Emily Miller Bonney, ‘Disarming the Snake Goddess: A Reconsideration of the Faience Figures from the Temple Repositories at Knossos’, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 24:2 (2011), 171–190; David Leeming, The Oxford Companion to World Mythology (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 350.

Согласно теории американского нейрофизиолога Пола Маклина, человеческий мозг состоит из трех частей, насаженных одна на другую по принципу матрешки. Центральная часть – это так называемый древний мозг, мозг рептилий.

Давление отбора – показатель интенсивности действия естественного отбора. Зависит от внешних факторов среды, межвидовой и внутривидовой конкуренции.

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Бихевиоризм (от англ. behavior – поведение) – одна из самых распространенных теорий в западной психологии первой половины XX века. Ее основатель – американский психолог Джон Бродес Уотсон (1878–1958).

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Перевод с аккадского И. М. Дьяконова.

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Понятие было популяризировано американским документальным телесериалом о природе уникальности человека («Человеческая искра», 2010), где ведущим выступает актер Алан Алда.

Выражение пошло от названия книги «Сила есть право, или Выживание наиболее приспособленных», выпущенной неизвестным автором под псевдонимом Рагнар Редбёрд в 1896 году.

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